How Computers Work

Central Processing Unit (CPU) or Processor- this part of a computer is where information is processed, it handles all instructions it receives.

Popular companies that manufacture CPUs are: Intel, and AMD \



Motherboard or Mainboard- is the foundation of a computer system; holds together many of the crucial components of a computer. It also allows the other parts of the computer to communicate with one another.

Popular companies that manufacture Motherboards are: Gigabyte Technology, and Asus



Power Supply Unit- provides power to the computer system.

Popular companies that manufacture Power Supply Units are: Analog Devices, Inc, and Glu Mobile, Inc



Random Access Memory (RAM)- stores information on a computer so that it can be retrieved easily. But, the RAM’s storage is only temporary. If the computer is turned off, it loses all stored information.

Popular companies that manufacture RAMs are: Apacer, and SK Hynix



Hard Drive- is a device that permanently stores and retrieves information.

Popular companies that manufacture Hard Drives are: Western Digital Technologies Inc, and Seagate



Video Card- creates the picture on a screen.

Popular companies that manufacture Video Cards are: Asus, and MSI



Sound Card- produces sound on a computer that can be heard through speakers or headphones.

Popular companies that manufacture Sound Cards are: Creative Technology, and Asus



Network Card- enables a computer to connect to a network; through this you can access a home network, or the Internet.

Popular companies that manufacture Network Cards are: Asus, and 3Com








Sources:
www.computerhope.com
www.investopedia.com
www.ranker.com

En.wikipedia.org


Group: Jayden, and Gina.

Digital Literacy: How To Navigate Instagram

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Journal #8: Digital Law

Once finishing this unit, the thing I found most surprising was how even with all of the companies that have started, and all the support that is provided all over, suicide rates are still high. Even though things like cyberbullying, and copyright, and all of these things discussed in this unit are illegal, they are still so common! We blame the internet for all of our problems, but we need to be the change. It shocks me that we are taking so long to realize this.


The part of this unit that I have had the most trouble with was the section on copyright. I found it difficult to locate the answers to the questions, and to judge how much information was too much. As well, it was a challenge for me to understand the different rules there are involving music, and plays, and how they all change depending on the situation. These problems were easy for me to solve because I would just simple reread the material given and examine the information.

The "Copyright Matters!" manual  in my opinion, is a good resource for children curious about the rules of copyright.  It displays information in an effective way, so the reader may understand.  The only issue I have with this manual is how unclear it is about what the consequences are if you violate these rules.  I think it would be more helpful if that was stated, but overall, it gives us a well put interpretation of the digital law on copyright.

I have to say, the website "NeedHelpNow.com" is an excellent source of information.  In my opinion, it is something that can help many people of all ages struggling with several, diverse issues.  If you are going through a difficult time in your life, I believe the information, and advice given on this site can do a lot to ease your mind.  As someone who has gone through situations like some of the ones subjected here, whether it be with myself, or someone else, a site like this can be really helpful.  Especially for those who do not know where to turn, or how to handle their problems, it can be a great resource.

The biggest issue with copyright in young people today, in my opinion, is that they fail to understand the consequences of copyright.  They do not realize that when they copy other's work, they are in fact stealing.  I think that half of the time, they do not see how serious of an issue this really is.

I think the biggest issue with young people regarding cyberbullying (and privacy) is again, being unaware of the effect they are having on others.  Exposing others in a way that can harm them is bullying, and sometimes we do not even notice we are doing this.  Our carelessness can affect other's lives, and even end them.  This is a huge responsibility for young people, to be as careful as possible when posting things online, or even just when speaking to others.  You need to be cautious of other's feelings, and what they could be going through.

Assignment #2: Cyberbullying and Privacy

1. Two actions that can violate someone's privacy are:
Non-Consensual Distribution of an Intimate Image: there is a sexual/intimate photo taken during private circumstances, and then posted online, or sent out to others knowingly by the person who has taken/received the photo. Without the permission of the person within the photograph, the person could be charged.

Voyeurism: watching or recording a person in secret, while they're unaware. This is accurate in situations where the person is: in a place where they might be expected to change or remove clothing (bedroom, bathroom, change room, cabin, tent); all or partially naked or engaged in sexual activity at the time; or where the recording is done for sexual reasons.


2. Acts That Make Others Feel Unsafe:
Blackmail (extortion): forcing someone to do something by making threats, or being violent.

Acts that Hurt the Reputation of another Person:
Impersonation: pretending or claiming to be another person for your own personal benefit, or to harm anyone involved, (the person being impersonated, others involved with that person).


3. You can report a potential crime by informing the proper authorities like the Police, by visiting online at Cybertip.ca, other options include telling an adult (parent, guardian, teacher, anyone you trust), or even calling Kids Help Phone.

4. The first section I chose to explore was "Seeking Emotional Support". In this section it provides you with ideas for seeking support during difficult times in your life. By giving you advice on approaching your parents, friends, and other "safe adults", it gives you a better idea on how to handle these situations. While these are important parts of the overall subject, it also explores into advice on coping, how to manage your stress, and relationships. It explains all the ways we need to look at the problem by "remembering who we are", and how looking forward, rather than into the past, is one of the best ways to remain positive. These subjects explain how you can, change the situation, or adjust the way you are responding to it, as well as how to notice an unhealthy relationship. The second section I looked through was "Helping a Friend". This is a very helpful section, explaining how to detect the warning signs of your friends deflating health; how to help them in these situations; and finally, when there is urgent help needed. Every subject is thorough with their explanations allowing it's readers to receive valuable information on the topics.

5. One thing that I found interesting during these videos is how much help, and support we all have as people in the world.  Suicide is a common part of all of our lives, yet people still continue to hate and drive people to this point.  I found the overall story interesting of how they have all come together to support those in need, and I believe we need a lot more of that in our world today.  It is sad that even with all of this support we still see many people taking their lives, but this is because we need to be the change we want to see in the world.  You cannot let others control your lives, and we can change the story if we just speak out to others in need.

6. You could help promote the #ChangeTheStory campaign by sharing your own ways to change the story, through your own personal videos and images.

Assignment #1: Copyright and Copy-wrong

1. "Fair Dealings" protects a person when using other materials for the purposes of research, private study, criticism, review, news reporting, education, satire, and parody.


2. Under fair dealings, up to 10% of a copyright-protected work can be copied.


3. It is prohibited to share multiple excerpts from the same copyright protected work, according to copy right law.


4. A fee can be charged for using other people's work without permission but only a fee that covers the costs of the institution, including overhead costs.


5. Teachers are permitted to use copyright protected material for educational purposes, provided there are no other copyright free forms of the material needed.


6. A school is not permitted to make a large print book of copyright protected material, without the permission from the copyright owner.


7. A student or teacher is permitted to use audio or video for school projects as long as they follow specific rules. For example, it must take place on the premises of an educational institution; it must be for educational or training purposes; it must not be for profit; it must take place before an audience consisting primarily of students of the educational institution, persons acting under its authority, or any person who is directly responsible for setting a curriculum for the educational institution; and it must not involve a “motive of gain.“


8. It is allowed to preform a play that is copyrighted in the case that it is for a drama class, as long as the requirements previously stated involving audio or video usage is met as well. You are, under The Copyright Act permitted to use copyright protected music in performance in educational institutions. As long as the material is used for educational purposes, not for profit, and preformed in front of primarily members of an educational environment, it is permitted.


9. Schools cannot legally play copyrighted music at their dances or sporting events, without permission from SOCAN. This is the case because there is often a profit being made by the schools for these events, that is not being given to the original owner. A license can be obtained for these purposes.


10. If the answer is yes to the majority of the following questions, then the video or music use is permitted by The Copyright Act:

Did the music use occur during school hours?
Will the student be graded on the activity involving the music use?
Does the music use involve a demonstration by a student or teacher for other students, teachers, assessors, or parents?
Is it reasonable to consider the music use to be for educational purposes?
Was the music used on school premises?
If admission was controlled, was it free?
Was the music use for a non-profit purpose?


11. Anyone is permitted to use other's copyright protected material to create new works under the Copyright Act. Although, this is only acceptable provided they follow the rules:

1.  It can only be used for non-commercial purposes.
2.  The original source must be mentioned, if it is reasonable to do so.
3. The original work used to generate the content must have been acquired legally.
4. The resulting user-generated content does not have a “substantial adverse effect” on the market for the original work

12. A teacher or student is allowed to show a bought, or rented DVD in class, as long as the DVD is not an infringement copy of the original. It must be legally obtained.


13. It is illegal to copy a show or movie at home, to show at school. It is not permitted for teachers or students to do so, unless the DVD is obtained legally through rental, bought, or borrowed, they are not allowed by the Copyright Act, to show it in a classroom.


14. The owners of computer programs are allowed to make a single copy of these programs in the event of two situations:

An owner of a legitimate copy of a computer program may make one backup copy of that program. The person must be able to prove that the backup copy is erased as soon as he or she ceases to be the owner of the copy of the computer program from which the backup was made.
An owner of a legitimate copy of a computer program may also make a single copy of that program by adapting, modifying, or converting the computer program or translating it into another computer language, provided that: (i) the reproduction is essential for the compatibility of the program with a particular computer; (ii) the reproduction is solely for the person’s own use; and (iii) the copy is erased when the person ceases to be the owner of the copy of the program from which the copy was made.


15. Teachers and students are permitted to copy from the internet. There are a few basic rules including citing the source of your material, and using materials that are publicly available online.


16. Any original work I create in school is copyright protected. Knowing this, I feel safer about what I am creating, being aware that it is protected online, and made illegal to be copied. Although, it does make me wonder how this is effective, because I do know it is quite simple to copy a person's work, without anyone really noticing if the persons work is not popular. Therefore, I wonder how my work being protected is relevant, if there is nothing actually done in the situation that it is copied.


17. Keenan, G. (2016). Demystifying Copyright: The Way Down. New Brunswick: The Blackville, Young Writers Association. ISBN: 0-2-25746-098-1, $22.22